The x-axis points from the IP to the center of the LHC ring, and the y-axis points. Advanced embedded processing and video analytics, as well as software-customizable functionality, give this small camera big capabilities, including integration with auxiliary. The name of the chamber derives from the giantess Gargamelle in the works of François Rabelais she was Gargantua's mother. vector bosons, and to differential cross sections of the Higgs boson. With a weight as low as 7.5 g and a camera body as small as 21 x 21 x 11 mm, the Boson represents an industry-leading reduction in SWaP with no reduction in performance. The chamber body went on to be a main feature in CERN's Microcosm garden. However in 1979 the chamber ceased operation after cracks had appeared that proved impossible to repair. In its short career at the SPS, Gargamelle succeeded in observing for the first time a touchstone weak interaction, involving only leptons, in which a muon-type neutrino hits an electron, producing an electron-neutrino and a muon. In 1983, two CERN experiments, UA1 and UA2, discovered the W and Z particles, carriers of the electroweak force. On 3 September the collaboration published two papers on these events in the same issue of Physics Letters. In both cases, the neutrino enters invisibly, interacts and then moves on, again invisibly. By July 1973 they had confirmed as many as 166 hadronic events, and one electron event. The signature of a neutral current event was an isolated vertex from which only hadrons were produced. The discovery involved the search from two types of events: one involving the interaction of a neutrino with an electron in the liquid in the other the neutrino scattered from a hadron (proton or neutron). This particle, called the Z boson, and the associated weak neutral currents, were predicted by electroweak theory, according to which the weak force and the electromagnetic force are different versions of the same force. In July 1973, in a seminar at CERN, the Gargamelle collaboration presented the first direct evidence of the weak neutral current - a process predicted in the mid-1960s independently by Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg - that required the existence of a neutral particle to carry the weak fundamental force. Combining the neutrino results with those from experiments using an electron beam at SLAC in the US showed that the quarks must have charges that are 1/ 3 or 2/ 3 the charge of the proton, just as predicted. Using freon instead of the more typical liquid hydrogen increased the probability of seeing neutrino interactions.Įarly results from Gargamelle, in the period 1972-4, provided crucial evidence for the existence of quarks, the fundamental constituents of particles such as protons and neutrons. The freon in the Gargamelle detector revealed any charged particles set in motion by the neutrinos and so revealed the interactions indirectly. It weighed 1000 tonnes and held nearly 12 cubic metres of heavy-liquid freon (CF3Br).Īs neutrinos have no charge, they do not leave tracks in detectors. Gargamelle was 4.8 metres long and 2 metres in diameter.
It operated from 1970 to 1976 with a muon-neutrino beam produced by the CERN Proton Synchrotron, before moving to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) until 1979. Gargamelle was a bubble chamber at CERN designed to detect neutrinos.
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